An optical switch is a device that selectively routes optical signals from one fiber to another without converting them into electrical signals. This technology allows for high bit rate transmission to be switched between various optical lines. The basic principle behind an optical switch is to control the direction of light propagation through various mechanisms, such as mechanical movement, electro-optic effects, or thermo-optic. Optical switches, a key component in modern network infrastructure, are devices used in optical fiber networks for signal management. These devices play a critical role in modern optical networks by enabling dynamic reconfiguration, wavelength routing, and protection switching.